APTAMERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE

Main Article Content

Authors

M.K. Imanbekova

National Center for Biotechnology, 13/5, Korgalzhyn road, Astana,010000, Kazakhstan

G.S. Stybayeva

National Center for Biotechnology, 13/5, Korgalzhyn road, Astana,010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1stStreet SW, St-11-14, Rochester, MN, 55905

A. Revzin

Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1stStreet SW, St-11-14, Rochester, MN, 55905

E.V. Zholdybaeva

National Center for Biotechnology, 13/5, Korgalzhyn road, Astana,010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract

Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acids developed to bind specific targets, such as amino acids, drugs, proteins, and other molecules. In nature, aptamers exist as riboswitches, which are genetic regulatory elements. Aptamers can be generated using a method called SELEX, an iterative process of adsorption, separation, and amplification, followed by sequencing of a specific oligonucleotide. The entire SELEX process takes between a week to a month to complete and consists of 8–20 rounds. Aptamers are an excellent alternative to monoclonal antibodies, which are expensive and immunogenic. Advantages that aptamers offer over antibodies include stability, low cost, lack of toxicity and immunogenicity, minimized batch-to-batch variation, and the ability to develop them against a variety of targets. The ease in which aptamers can be synthesised and modified allow for the creation and application of aptamers for use in various fields of biology and medicine, including diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, discovery of new biomarkers, biovisualization, and molecular therapy.

Keywords

aptamer, SELEX, aptasensors, diagnostics, targeted delivery, bioimaging

Article Details

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