ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕННОИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ БИОТОПЛИВА
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Authors
К.Г. Ли
РГП «Республиканская коллекция микроорганизмов» КН МОН РК, г. Астана
Abstract
Целлюлоза из биоотходов является наиболее привлекательным субстратом для производства высококачественной продукции (например, топлива или пластмассы) путем ферментации. Тем не менее, традиционная переработка биомассы является экономически неэффективным многоступенчатым процессом. До сих пор нет микроорганизмов, способных выполнять ферментацию одноступенчато (консолидированный биопроцессинг; СВР). Основной технической проблемой экономически эффективного производства целлюлозного биотоплива является необходимость снизить затраты на ферменты, разрушающие стенки растительных клеток (PCDE), которые необходимы для производства сахара из биомассы. Разработано несколько конкурентоспособных недорогих технологий для производства PCDE в различных организмах-хозяевах, таких как кишечная палочка, Zymomonas mobilis и некоторые растения. Возможна гетерологичная экспрессия PCDE в рекомбинантной E. coli или Z. mobilis и успешный консолидированный биопроцессинг в этих микроорганизмах. Экспрессия in planta дает возможность упростить процесс производства фермента и переработки растительной биомассы и приводит к самопроизвольной деструкции клеточных стенок растений. Хотя будущее имеющихся в настоящее время технологий трудно предсказать, их полная реализация, скорее всего, вероятна через интеграцию существующих подходов с развитием прорывных технологий.
Keywords
целлюлазы, гетерологичная экспрессия, консолидированный биопроцессинг, биотопливо
Article Details
References
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