Cloning of cDNA-gene of Arabidopsis thaliana ribosomal protein S6, its expression in Escherichia coli and purification of AtRPS6B1 recombinant protein
Main Article Content
Authors
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and plays an important role in protein biosynthesis. Its main function is related to the regulation of mechanisms that control cell growth and division. The RPS6 can be phosphorylated on defined serine and threonine residues by kinases such as S6K1 and S6K2, which in turn are activated by signaling pathways associated with the activation of the mTORC1 molecular complex. The phosphorylation process of protein RPS6 plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth and protein synthesis. Activated RPS6 protein influences translation initiation, which means start the process of protein synthesis on the ribosome. Thus, RPS6 is associated with the regulation of cell size and their ability to divide. In addition, the RPS6 protein can be associated with other proteins and participate in various molecular interactions, which may vary depending on the context of cellular activity. In this study, cloning and site-directed cDNA mutagenesis of the second isoform of the AtRPS6 protein (AtRPS6B) was performed. Further, the obtained phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylated forms of this protein were expressed in E.coli ArcticExpress (DE3) cells, the proteins were purified by metal chelate chromatography (IMAC) and the presence and purity of the obtained proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting
Keywords
Arabidopsis thaliana, cloning cDNA gene AtRPS6B1, recombinant ribosomal protein S6 (AtRPS6B1), site directed mutagenesis, phosphomimetic AtRPS6B1
Article Details
References
Barbet N.C., Schneider U., Helliwell S.B., Stansfield I., Tuite M.F., Hall M.N. TOR controls translation initiation and early G1 progression in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell, 1996, vol. 7, pp. 25-42, DOI:10.1091/mbc.7.1.25
Boex-Fontvieille E., Daventure M., Jossier M., Zivy M., Hodges M., Tcherkez G. Photosynthetic Control of Arabidopsis Leaf Cytoplasmic Translation Initiation by Protein Phosphorylation, PLoS ONE, 2013, vol.8, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0070692
Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem, 1976, vol.7, pp. 248-254, DOI:10.1006/abio.1976.9999
Creff A., Sormani R., Desnos T. The two Arabidopsis RPS6 genes, encoding for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins S6, are functionally equivalent, Plant Mol. Biol, 2010, vol. 73. pp. 533-546, DOI:10.1007/s11103-010-9639-y
Henriques R., Bögre L., Horváth B., Magyar Z. Balancing act: matching growth with environment by the TOR signaling pathway. J Exp. Bot., 2014, vol.65, no.10, pp. 2691-2701, DOI:10.1093/jxb/eru049
Holz M.K., Ballif B.A., Gygi S.P., Blenis J. mTOR and S6K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered phosphorylation events. Cell, 2005, vol. 123, pp. 569–580, DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.024
Huber A, Bodenmiller B, Uotila A, Stahl M, Wanka S, Gerrits B, Aebersold R, Loewith R Characterization of the rapamycin-sensitive phosphoproteome reveals that Sch9 is a central coordinator of protein synthesis. Genes Dev., 2009, vol. 23, pp. 1929-43, DOI: 10.1101/gad.532109
Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 1970, vol. 227, pp. 680-685, DOI:10.1038/227680a0
Leader D.P., Thomas A., Voorma H.O. The protein synthetic activity in vitro of ribosomes differing in the extent of phosphorylation of their ribosomal proteins. Biochim et Biophys Acta, 1981, vol. 656, pp. 69-75, DOI:10.1016/0005-2787(81)90028-9
Ma XM, Blenis J. Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol., 2009, vol.10, pp. 307-318, DOI:10.1038/nrm2672
Nandagopal N., Roux P.P. Regulation of global and specific mRNA translation by the mTOR signaling pathway. Translation, 2015, vol. 3, no. 1, DOI:10.4161/21690731.2014.983402
Nukarinen E, Nägele T, Pedrotti L, Wurzinger B, Mair A, Landgraf R, Börnke F, Hanson J, Teige M, Baena-Gonzalez E, et al. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals the role of the AMPK plant ortholog SnRK1 as a metabolic master regulator under energy deprivation. Sci Rep., 2016, vol. 6, pp. 31697, DOI: 10.1038/srep31697
Ren M., Qiu S., Venglat P., Xiang D., Feng L., Selvaraj G., Datla R. Target of rapamycin regulates development and ribosomal RNA expression through kinase domain in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 2011, vol.155, pp. 1367-1382, DOI:10.1105/tpc.112.107144
Rexin D., Meyer Ch., Robaglia Ch., Veit B. TOR signalling in plants. Biochem. J., 2015, vol. 470, pp. 1–14, DOI:10.1042/BJ20150505
Ruvinsky, I., and Meyuhas, O. Ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation: From protein synthesis to cell size. Trends Biochem.Sci., 2006, vol. 31, pp. 342–348, DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.04.003
Sambrook J., Russel D.W. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual: 3 volumes. Third edition. New-York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001.
Scharf K.D., Nover L. Control of ribosome biogenesis in plant cell cultures under heat shock conditions. II. Ribosomal proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1987, vol. 909, pp. 44–57, DOI:10.1016/0167-4781(87)90045-5
Wolters H., Jürgens G. Survival of the flexible: hormonal growth control and adaptation in plant development. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2009, vol. 10, pp. 305-317, DOI:10.1038/nrg2558
Zhang J.Z., Creelman R.A., Zhu J.K. From laboratory to field. Using information from Arabidopsis to engineer salt, cold, and drought tolerance in crops. Plant Physiol., 2004, vol. 135, pp. 615-621, DOI:10.1104/pp.104.040295