Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology

INTRODUCTION TO IN VITRO CULTURE OF CRATAEGUS AMBIGUA AND FEATURES OF MEDIUM-TERM DEPOSIT

A.O. Rakhimzhanova — 2025-06-24

The hawthorn (Crataegus ambigua) is a valuable species used for landscaping, medicinal purposes, and breeding. However, the decline of its natural populations underscores the need for effective microclonal propagation and preservation methods. This study conducted a comparative analysis of seed sterilization methods and obtained sterile seeds and micromasses. The influence of growth regulators, such as 6-BA, GA₃, IBA, and IAA, on microclonal propagation and rhizogenesis was also examined. Optimizing the conditions for slow growth is important for medium-term storage and the sustainable use of this species. These results can be used to develop effective protocols for the clonal micropropagation of C. ambigua, which is important for its conservation and introduction into breeding and reintroduction programs.

Mitigating Genetic Erosion in Cocoa and Coffee: Drivers, Impacts, and Sustainable Conservation Solutions in African Agroecosystems

Olaitan Paul Babatunde — 2025-06-24

Genetic erosion in tropical cash crops such as cocoa and coffee threatens global food security and the livelihoods of millions of farmers. This study analyses deforestation, germplasm collections, and conservation efforts from 2001 to 2023 in eight African nations. The findings reveal significant deforestation in cocoa-producing regions such as Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo and losses in coffee areas such as Ethiopia, which affect genetic diversity. Genebanks rely heavily on cultivated varieties, risking allele depletion. Coffee is more prone to erosion due to forest loss, while monoculture practices threaten cocoa. The study calls for better conservation, increased in situ and ex situ efforts, and sustainable agroforestry. Global cooperation is crucial to maintaining the resilience of cocoa and coffee to climate and economic challenges.

OBTAINING SPECIFIC ANIMAL BLOOD SERUM TO THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGOITIS IN EQUINES

E.O. Abduraimov — 2025-06-24

Selection of animals for obtaining specific blood serums is an important step. Before the start of immunization, blood samples were taken from potential donors for testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), diffusion precipitation reaction (DPR) and prolonged complement fixation reaction (PCFR) to detect antibodies to other viral and bacterial infections. It has been experimentally established that antibodies to the pathogens of equine epizootic lymphangitis (ELL), peste des petits ruminants, sheep pox and anthrax were not detected in the blood serum of rabbits, goats and sheep used to obtain specific blood serum. This is necessary to exclude possible cross-reactions when using the obtained immune sera in serological reactions. To obtain specific sera in the experiment, purified antigens of the cultures of strains “T”, “3724 K” and “3730 K” of the causative agent of ELL were used, which have activity in the RDP within the range of 1:16-1:32 and in the RSC of at least 1:40-1:80.

To obtain a specific serum, 11 immunization schemes were tested, which differed in the methods of immunization, the concentration and volume of the administered antigen, the intervals between administrations, and the different strains of diseases used to administer them.

Experimentally, we managed to obtain specific and active serums from rabbits, goats and sheep. The activity of immune serums in rabbit #6 DPR was 1:32, in PCFR – 1:128, goat #1 in DPR – 1:16, in PCFR 1:64 and sheep #1 in DPR 1:8, in PCFR 1:32. These diagnostic serums will be used to establish laboratory methods for detecting the antigen of the ELL pathogen in the biological materials being studied.

APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION PRODUCTS FOR RAPESEED CULTIVATION IN THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION

M.T. Myrzabaeva — 2025-06-24

The article is devoted to the biologization of the processes of protection of one of the promising crops in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The authors revealed the potential opportunities among rapeseed producers in the global market, the leaders are the EU countries: 17.26 (10.311 thousand tons); China: 14 (6981 thousand tons); Canada: 12.6 (4275 thousand tons); India: 10.8 (3880 thousand tons); Australia: 6.35 (410 thousand tons). Kazakhstan, with a level of 16.4 million tons/year, also plans to increase rapeseed production. As part of the research, the ways of greening rapeseed protection schemes are considered. The article presents the results of the assessment of the impact of reducing the use of pesticides on the yield and condition of rapeseed crops.The object of the researchwasspringrapeseed of the «Maily Dan» variety, the research was carried out in the field and laboratory conditions at the site of the Scientific-production center for grain farming named after A. Barayev and NAO"S.Seifullin Kazakh agrotechnical research University". The focus was on ecosystem aspects and biological control methods for common pests.This study aims to investigate the effects of an ecologized rapeseed crop protection program that uses less chemical pesticides and incorporates growth activators and biofertilizers to lessen environmental stress and boost plant immunity. The selection of genetically resistant cultivars, seed material preparation, computerized pest monitoring, and the use of chemical and biological plant protection are all aspects of the extensive research of plant biology and defensive mechanisms. Integrated plant protection is nearly as expensive as chemical protection, according to studies. Comprehensive protection, on the other hand, has a noticeable environmental benefit, enhances product quality, lowers climatic risks, boosts yield by 10–30%, and has a longer-lasting effect.

SEROPOSITIVITY OF EQUINE RHINOPNEUMONITIS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Kh.B. Abeuov — 2025-06-24

The study aimed to conduct monitoring research to determine the seroprevalence of equine rhinopneumonitis in Kazakhstan. PCR analysis of the samples showed negative results; however, serological analysis revealed the presence of antibodies to equine herpesvirus (EHV) in several regions.

Based on the results of the serological analysis, antibodies to EHV serotype 1 were detected in the Akmola, Abay, East Kazakhstan, Jambyl, Almaty, and Jetisu regions. The seroprevalence of this virus ranged from 66.6% to 100% in the Akmola, Abay, East Kazakhstan, and Almaty regions, while in the Jetisu and Jambyl regions, it was 50% or less.

The results of the ELISA test showed the presence of antibodies to EHV serotype 4 in almost all regions, except for the Ulytau, Kostanay, and Pavlodar regions. Compared to EHV-1, the seroprevalence of EHV-4 was higher in almost all regions of Kazakhstan.

The seroprevalence in the Akmola, Abay, East Kazakhstan, Almaty, Jetisu, West Kazakhstan, Aktobe, Kyzylorda, Jambyl, and Karaganda regions was 100%. Meanwhile, in the Atyrau, North Kazakhstan, Mangystau, Ulytau, and Kostanay regions, antibodies were almost undetectable.

THE PROLIFERATIVE ABILITY OF CISTANCHE DESERTICOLA AND ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF FLAVONOIDS IN CELL CULTURE

A.O. Rakhimzhanova — 2025-06-24

Cistanche deserticola contains a significant amount of flavonoids and other valuable bioactive compounds, making it a promising subject for pharmacological research, as well as the development of new pharmaceutical drugs and biologically active supplements. The introduction of C. deserticola into in vitro culture and the establishment of suspension cell lines with high proliferative activity opens new perspectives for sustainable and efficient biomass production while preserving its unique properties. As a result of our research, callus lines were obtained with varying colors, from light to dark brown. This fact indicates the heterogeneity of the cell masses, which is related to the peculiarities of metabolite synthesis under in vitro conditions. For the first time, we have obtained cell lines of С. deserticola and studied their stable proliferation in suspension culture. Quantitative analysis of the bioactive compounds content in the suspension cultures, performed by HPLC-MS using standards of apigenin, rutin, and quercetin, revealed a decrease in flavonoid content in the cell cultures with dark color. This may indicate changes in the metabolic activity of the cells as they differentiate. The obtained data may be significant for the targeted regulation of the synthesis of bioactive compounds in С. deserticola cell culture.

METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC LISTERIA IN FOOD PRODUCTS

S.Z. Eskendirova — 2025-06-26

Listeriosis is an infectious disease that affects both humans and animals and is caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It is characterized by multiple sources of pathogen entry, a wide range of transmission routes and factors, polymorphic clinical manifestations, and high mortality rates. L. monocytogenes is considered a unique foodborne pathogen due to its intracellular lifecycle and remarkable adaptive capabilities. The pathogenesis of listeriosis is largely driven by the virulence factors of L. monocytogenes, which enable incomplete phagocytosis, intracellular parasitism, rapid host cell invasion, and the development of antibiotic resistance. These virulence determinants act at various stages of the host infection cycle, enhancing the pathogen’s ability to evade immune responses and establish persistent infections. Given the pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations and the unique biology of the pathogen, improving laboratory diagnostic methods and developing targeted immunoprophylactic strategies are of paramount importance. This article reviews recent advances in the epizootiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of listeriosis. It also highlights key pathogenicity and virulence factors of L. monocytogenes as critical targets for the development of rapid identification techniques in food products. The implementation of modern rapid detection methods significantly reduces analysis time and increases the accuracy of results, even when the pathogen is present in low concentrations within the tested samples.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMMERCIAL DRUG "NISIN PRO" IN COMPARISON WITH A BACTERIOCIN-BASED DRUG OF THE HYBRID STRAIN LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS SSP. LACTIS F-116 IN CHILLED POULTRY MEAT STORAGE

Lazat Umiraliyeva — 2025-06-26

The study investigated the effect of the antibacterial properties of the commercial drug Nisin Pro (Synergy Pharmadem Group Co Limited, Changhai, China) and a new biopreservative based on the bacteriocin of hybrid strain Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis F-116 during storage of chilled poultry meat. The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest in the consumption of chilled poultry meat among consumers and the issue of increasing its shelf life using natural biopreservatives. Chilled poultry meat is susceptible to microbiological spoilage caused by the development of microorganisms such as Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and molds, which leads to a rapid deterioration of organoleptic properties and a decrease in the nutritional value of products. Model experiments have been conducted to compare the antimicrobial spectrum of action of the studied preservative compositions in relation to possible poultry contaminants under refrigeration conditions typical for household storage. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that the use of biopreservatives such as bacteriocins significantly reduces the level of microbial contamination, prolonging the shelf life of chilled poultry meat. The bacteriocin of the hybrid strain Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis F-116 demonstrated high antimicrobial activity in comparison with the commercial drug Nisin Pro, which makes it a promising agent for the biopreservation of meat products. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of introducing biopreservatives based on bacteriocins into the food industry to increase microbiological safety and extend the shelf life of chilled poultry meat.